Hematopoietic transplantation, also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation, is a procedure in which healthy blood-forming stem cells are transplanted into a patient to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. This procedure is commonly used to treat various forms of cancer, such as leukemia and lymphoma, as well as other blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia and aplastic anemia. There are two main types of hematopoietic transplantation: autologous transplantation, in which a patient's own stem cells are used, and allogeneic transplantation, in which stem cells from a donor are used. The success of the transplantation depends on a variety of factors, including the compatibility of the donor and recipient, the type of disease being treated, and the overall health of the patient. Hematopoietic transplantation can be a challenging and complex procedure, but it has proven to be an effective treatment for many patients with blood disorders. Ongoing research in this area aims to improve the outcomes of transplantation, reduce the risk of complications, and expand the use of this treatment to more patients in need.